Innovative technologies convert wastewater into reusable water to mitigate the toll of heavy industrial facilities on the environment. Over the last decade, membrane bioreactors (MBRs) have emerged as a viable alternative to meet this growing demand. This paper compares the design practice and use of these two membrane technologies within a wastewater treatment facility for both municipal and industrial wastewater. It also describes the development of the wastewater reclamation system for heavy industrial facilities in water-starved areas.