Acid and Base Recovery from Brackish Water Reverse Osmosis Desalination Concentrate with Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis

Bipolar membrane electrodialysis is applied to recovery of acid and base products from brackish water reverse osmosis desalination concentrate, supporting circular economy principles in concentrate management. The process converts dissolved salt streams from RO reject into usable hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide, enabling chemical valorization rather than disposal. Results quantify acid and base recovery efficiency and assess the economic viability of integrating bipolar membrane ED with existing RO infrastructure.