Impact of Helical Flocculator Configuration on Continuous-Inline-Coagulation Performance for Low-Pressure Membrane Pretreatment

The impact of helical flocculator configuration on continuous-inline-coagulation (CIC) pretreatment for low-pressure membrane systems is investigated for waters with challenging source quality. The study addresses increasing fouling issues from algal blooms, elevated dissolved organic carbon, and color events in surface waters. Continuous-inline-coagulation approaches delivering floc directly to membranes are compared against conventional coagulation-separation systems, examining flocculation time, process footprint, and system complexity with implications for retrofit and new facility design.