Fouling-Resistant RO Membranes Reimagined in Zwitterionic RO Membranes

Zwitterionic reverse osmosis membranes are developed and evaluated to improve fouling resistance and cleaning performance in water purification and process separation applications. The paper reviews fundamental mechanisms of membrane fouling and cleaning challenges in conventional RO systems, then presents advanced zwitterionic membrane chemistry as a low-fouling alternative. Operational performance data demonstrate reduced fouling propensity and improved cleaning response in challenging water treatment scenarios compared to standard polyamide membranes.